We live in a world of seemingly limitless consumer choice. Yet, as every shopper knows without thinking about it, many everyday goods—from beds to batteries to printer paper—are available in a finite number of "standard sizes." What makes these sizes "standard" is an agreement among competing firms to make or sell products with the same limited dimensions. But how did firms reach such collective agreements?

In exploring this question, Colleen Dunlavy puts the history of mass production and consumption in an entirely new light. She reveals that, despite the widely publicized model offered by Henry Ford, mass production techniques did not naturally diffuse throughout the US economy. On the contrary, formidable market forces blocked their diffusion. It was only under the cover of collectively agreed-upon, industrywide standard sizes—orchestrated by the federal government—that competing firms were able to break free of market forces and transition to mass production and consumption. Without government promotion of standard sizes, the twentieth-century American variety of capitalism would have looked markedly less "Fordist."

An engrossing new work of economic history, Small, Medium, Large will make scholars, students, and general audiences alike think differently about the history of mass production and consumption.